ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis in biopsies of people with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery and examine the possible association of different variables with a diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH. Materials and methods: Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data from 574 individuals with obesity of both genders seen by the same physician between 2003 and 2009 who had a liver biopsy during bariatric surgery were examined. Results: Of the 437 patients included, 39.8% had some degree of liver fibrosis, 95% had a histologic diagnosis of NAFLD, and the risk factors were age ≥ 28 years and Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) ≥ 2.5 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). In the NAFLD group, NASH was present in 26% of patients and the associated factors were aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase index (AST/ALT) > 1, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) < 40 mg/dL, total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 200 mg/dL, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) > 38 U/L and triglycerides (TG) levels > 150 mg/dL. The independent risk factors were low HDL-c, elevated AST/ALT and high TG. Conclusion: The variables associated with a diagnosis of NAFLD were HOMA ≥ 2.5 and age ≥ 28 years. NASH was associated with low HDL-c, high TG and AST/ALT ≤ 1.

CONTEXTO: Pacientes com obesidade mórbida apresentam risco significativo para doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica e para suas formas mais graves, a esteatohepatite e a cirrose hepática. O diagnóstico de tais alterações é importante, principalmente na avaliação pré-operatória de cirurgia bariátrica. Até o momento, a biopsia hepática é o procedimento com maior precisão para tal diagnóstico. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o escore de fibrose hepática em doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica em pacientes com obesidade mórbida na população brasileira. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 158 pacientes com obesidade mórbida submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica. Idade, índice de massa corporal, hiperglicemia, albumina, contagem de plaquetas e razão AST/ALT foram aplicados à fórmula do escore de fibrose. Valores acima de 0,676 indicavam fibrose avançada e abaixo de - 1,455 indicavam ausência de fibrose. Estes valores foram comparados com os achados de biopsia hepática realizados no intra-operatório. RESULTADOS: A presença de fibrose avançada foi diagnosticada com boa precisão, valor preditivo positivo de 83,7%. O escore teve melhor precisão para excluir fibrose avançada, com valor preditivo negativo de 97,2%. Em 25 pacientes (16%) o escore resultou indeterminado entre os pontos de corte. A sensibilidade e a especificidade do escore foram de 83% e 97%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: O escore de fibrose para doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica apresenta elevada precisão para reconhecer e excluir fibrose avançada em pacientes com obesidade mórbida submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica.

CONTEXT: Morbidly obese patients have an increased risk for nonalcoholic fat liver disease. Its severe form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis may cause liver fibrosis. The diagnosis of advanced fibrosis has great value during the pre operative evaluation for bariatric surgery. Currently, liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis of liver fibrosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nonalcoholic fat liver disease fibrosis score in morbidly obese patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in our population. METHODS: One hundred fifty-eight morbidly obese patients that had undergone bariatric surgery were included. Age, body mass index, hyperglycemia, platelet count, albumin and AST/ALT ratio were applied to the score formula. Scores above 0.676 were indicative of advanced liver fibrosis and scores under -1,455 absence of advanced liver fibrosis. These scores were compared to liver biopsy findings. RESULTS: The presence of advanced fibrosis could be diagnosed with good accuracy, with a positive predictive value of 83.7%. The score had a higher accuracy to exclude advanced fibrosis with a negative predictive value of 97%. Twenty-five patients (16%) had scores between the cutoffs points and were identified as indeterminate. The score sensibility and specificity was 83% and 97% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The nonalcoholic fat liver disease fibrosis score has high accuracy to identify and exclude advanced liver fibrosis in morbidly obese patients subjected to bariatric surgery.

A limpeza mecânica do cólon e a antibioticoprolaxia profilática foram os procedimentos responsáveis pela significante diminuição de morbidade e mortalidade na cirurgia colorretal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, do ponto de vista bacteriológico, a eficácia de alguns métodos de preparo mecânico do cólon associado ou não ao emprego da antibioticoprolaxia. Foram estudados 64 ratos, machos, Wistar, com peso corporal entre 250-350g. Os animais foram divididos em grupos e submetidos a limpeza transoperatória do cólon utilizando-se diferentes tipos de solução (água de torneira, solução salina isotônica (SSI) e solução de polivinilpirrolidona (PVPI) a 5%). Cada grupo foi subdividido em dois subgrupos, que receberam ou não antibioticoprolaxia (cefoxitina sódica, 30 mg/ Kg, via intraperitoneal) 1 hora antes da intervenção cirúrgica. Os resultados foram comparados com o grupo controle no qual não foi realizado qualquer tipo de procedimento. Não se verificou diferença significativa entre os diferentes tipos de preparo mecânico do cólon. Concluímos que houve uma diminuição da flora bacteriana do cólon com o preparo mecânico, todavia a diminuição foi mais acentuada quando se fez uso da antibioticoprolaxia.

Teh significant decreasing in morbity and mortality rates in colorectal surgery was due to the bowel preparation and the antibiotic prophylacticts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in a bacteriologic point of view, the different methods of colon cleasing associated or not with an antimicrobial agent. Sixty four male rats, Wistar, ranging in weight from 250g to 350g were used. The animals were allocated for intraoperative irrigation of the colon using different washout solutions ( tap water, isotonic saline solution (SSI), and 5% solution of povidine iodine). Half of the animals of each group received prophylactic antibiotics ( cefoxitin, 30 mg/Kg, intraperitoneal) one hour before procedure. The results were compared with a control group where neither antibiotics prophylactics or bowel preparation were done. No significantly difference was observed when comparing the many types of intraoperative irrigation of the colon. We conclued that the bacterial concentration in the colon lumen has a significantly decrease with the mechanical preparation, however, the most important reduction was achieved with the use of parenteral antibiotics.